A new series of 3-hydroxy-2-pyridine aldoxime compounds have been designed, synthesised and tested in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo as reactivators of human acetyl-cholinesterase (hAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) inhibited by organophosphates (OPs), for example, VX, sarin, cyclosarin, tabun, and paraoxon. The reactivation rates of three oximes (16–18) were determined to be greater than that of 2-PAM and comparable to that of HI-6, two pyridinium aldoximes currently used by the armies of several countries. The interactions important for a productive orientation of the oxime group within the OP-inhibited enzyme have been clarified by molecular-modelling studies, and by the resolution of the crystal structure of the complex of oxime 17 with Torpedo californica AChE. Blood–brain barrier penetration was predicted for oximes 15–18 based on their physicochemical properties and an in vitro brain membrane permeation assay. Among the evaluated compounds, two morpholine-3-hydroxypyridine aldoxime conjugates proved to be promising reactivators of OP-inhibited cholinesterases. Moreover, efficient ex vivo reactivation of phosphylated native cholinesterases by selected oximes enabled significant hydrolysis of VX, sarin, paraoxon, and cyclosarin in whole human blood, which indicates that the oximes have scavenging potential.
Potent 3-Hydroxy-2-Pyridine Aldoxime Reactivators of Organophosphate-Inhibited Cholinesterases with Predicted Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration
Posted by
Tamara Zorbaz
on 12 09 2019
Related content
19 04 2023
< 1 minute
Predicting pKa
One of the most important physicochemical properties of small molecules and macromolecules are the...
03 10 2022
< 1 minute
Calculate on the cloud
In order to increase the flexibility, access and integrability, Calculators and Predictors have...
12 05 2022
< 1 minute
Coupling stabilizers open KV1-type potassium channels
ABSTRACT: The opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels are regulated by voltage sensors...
13 11 2021
< 1 minute
Cheminfo Stories 2021 Virtual UGM | Boost analytical experiments with phys-chem properties
TRY CHEMICALIZE Log in for videos & slides